Photo Credit: John Fowler

Researchers in Europe have published a new study explaining the importance of and detailing the methods for how to monitor adverse effects on butterflies and moths from genetically modified (GM) crops. Butterflies and moths were the first biological indicators considered for GM crop monitoring because their populations are sensitive to many environmental changes. Over the past decade, researchers have documented several instances where butterfly populations have been negatively affected by GM crop planting. However, methods for detecting these effects need further development. This study describes ways to increase the success in measuring the effects of GM plants on butterfly and moth populations. Researchers note that quality control in monitoring the results is critical, as well as continuing to adapt monitoring to scientific progress and new knowledge.